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Table 4 Most Worrisome Consequence of OSD in Hawal river valley, Nigeria (n = 128)

From: Epidemiology and psycho-social aspects of onchocercal skin diseases in northeastern Nigeria

Effect

No. (%) Responses

Social isolation (Hindrance to social interaction)

40(31.3)

Shame and low self esteem ('self-hatred')

29(22.7)

High cost of medication

20(15.6)

Skin blemishes

15(11.7)

Restlessness/Sleeplessness

11(8.6)

Marital problems

8(6.3)

Others (Pains, headache, fever)

5(3.9)